ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani amandla afanele emishini yokuhlola

Ukukhetha umshini wokuhlola ofanele wokuhlolwa kwamandla okudonsa, okucindezelayo, okugobayo, okusika, okukhumulayo, nokudabukayo kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwezinto eziningi, okubandakanya ububanzi bamandla, ubukhulu besampula, izindinganiso zokuhlola, namakhono omshini. Ngezansi kunezibalo ezibalulekile zokubala ukusiza ukunquma imininingwane edingekayo yomshini, kanye neziyalo zokuqonda kangcono.

Imishini yokuhlola amandla okudonsa ikala amandla aphezulu okudonsa kanye nokwelulwa kwezinto.

Fmax=σmax × A

Lapho:

Fmax = Amandla aphezulu adingekayo (N)

σmax = Amandla aphezulu okudonsa ezinto (MPa)

A = Indawo yesiphambano yesampula (mm²)

Isibonelo: Kwi-steel specimen ene-σmax =400MPa nendawo yesiphambano A =100mm²:

Umshini wokuhlola ukudonsa ongu-50 kN ungaba ofanele.

Ukuhlolwa kokucindezela kuthola ukumelana kwezinto ezihlaselwa amandla okucindezela.

Fmax=σc × A

Lapho:

Fmax = Amandla aphezulu adingekayo (N)

σc = Amandla okucindezela ezintweni (MPa)

A = Indawo yesiphambano yesampula (mm²)

Isibonelo: Kukhona isikwele sikakhonkolo esine σc = 30MPa kanye no A = 150² = 22,500mm²:

Umshini wokuhlola wokucindezela ongu-1000 kN ungaba kuhle.

Izivivinyo zokuphambuka zihlola amandla okuguquguquka wezinto.

Lapho:

σf = I-Flexural stress (MPa)

F = I-Force esetshenzisiwe (N)

L = Ubude besikhathi (mm)

b = Ububanzi besampula (mm)

h = Ubukhulu besampula (mm)

Isibonelo: Kwi-beam yokhuni ene-L=500mm, b=50mm, h=25mm, futhi edinga ingcindezi engu-10 MPa:

Injini yokuhlola ukugoba engu-5 kN ingaba efanele.

Izivivinyo zokusika zinquma amandla okusika wezinto.

Lapho:

Fmax = Amandla amakhulu okusika (N)

τ= Amandla okusika ezinto (MPa)

A = Indawo yokusika (mm²)

Isibonelo: Kuhlaka lwe-aluminium olune-τ=90 MPa ne-A=200mm²:

Fmax=90×200=18,000N(18kN)

Kuyanconywa umshini wokuhlola ukusika ongu-20 kN.

Ukuhlolwa kokukhupha kulinganisa amandla okubambelela phakathi kwezinto ezibambekile.

Lapho:

P= Amandla okukhupha (N/mm)

F= Amandla alinganiweyo (N)

W= Ububanzi besampula (mm)

Isibonelo: Kwi-tape ene-F=50N ne-W=25mm:

Umshini wokuhlola ukukhupha onamandla okungenani angu-5 N uyadingeka.

Uvivinyo lokuklebhula luthola ukumelana kwempahla emandleni okuklebhula.

Lapho:

Ftear = Amandla okuklebhula (N/mm)

F = Amandla alinganiwe (N)

t = Ubukhulu besampula (mm)

Isibonelo: Kukhona ishidi lerabha eline F=100N kanye no t=2mm:

Kudingeka umshini wokuhlola ukuklebhula onamandla angu-100 N.

Lapho ukhetha umshini wokuhlola, qinisekisa ukuthi umthamo omkhulu kakhulu womshini ungaba ngu-1.2 kuya ku-1.5 we-force ebalelekile ukuze ubalele imajini yokuphepha kanye nokuhluka okungalindelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cabanga ngokuhambisana namazinga wokuhlola afanele (ASTM, ISO, GB, EN, JIS) kanye nezici zomshini njengokulawula isivinini, ukuqoqwa kwedatha, kanye nokuzenzakalela kokuhlola.

Ngokusebenzisa amafomula kanye neziyalo ezingenhla, onjiniyela nabakhiqizi bangakwazi ukunquma ngokunembile izimiso zomshini wokuhlola ezifanele zezinto zabo ezithile kanye nezidingo zokusebenza.