Imishini yokuhlola engonakalisi ibhekisela esigabeni esibanzi samathuluzi namathuluzi aklanyelwe ukuhlola izakhiwo, ubuqotho, nokuphepha kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo nezingxenye ngaphandle kokulimaza unomphela into ehlolwayo. Lolu cwaningo, oluvame ukwaziwa ngokuthi i-NDT, luvumela onjiniyela nochwepheshe bezikhwalithi ukuthi bathole ukukhubazeka kwangaphakathi, balinganise ubukhulu bodonga, baqinisekise ama-weld, futhi bahlole ingqalasizinda ebucayi ngenkathi impahla isasebenza ngokugcwele futhi isemsebenzini. Ukubaluleka kwe-NDT akunakugcizelelwa ngokweqile, njengoba idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni izinhlekelele ezimbi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwamazinga okuphepha omhlaba wonke, nokwandisa impilo yesevisi yezimpahla ezibizayo zezimboni. Ngokuthola iziphoso ezifihlekile ngaphambi kokuba zikhule, imishini yokuhlola engonakalisi isiza izinkampani ukuthi zonge izigidi ekulungiseni izindleko ngenkathi ivikela abasebenzi nemvelo. Ngaphandle kwala mathuluzi athuthukile okuhlola, izimboni eziningi zizobe zinenkinga yokugcina amazinga okuthembeka nokuphepha umphakathi wanamuhla oncike kuwo nsuku zonke.

Cishe yonke imikhakha emikhulu yezimboni incike kakhulu emishinini yokuhlola engonakalisi (NDT) ukuze iqinisekise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokuphepha kokusebenza. Umkhakha wezindiza, ngokwesibonelo, usebenzisa i-NDT ukuhlola ama-turbine blade, amaphaneli omzimba wendiza, kanye nezinsimbi zokumisa ukuze athole imifantu emincane engaholela ekwehlulekeni okuyinhlekelele endaweni ephakeme. Ngokufanayo, umkhakha kawoyela negesi uncike kule mishini ukuze ahlole amapayipi, amathangi okugcina, kanye nemikhumbi yokucindezela ukuze athole ukugqwala, ukuguguleka, kanye nokonakala kwama-weld okungabangela ukuvuza noma ukuqhuma. Izimboni zokukhiqiza emhlabeni wonke zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-NDT ukuze ziqinisekise ikhwalithi yama-casting, ama-forging, nezingxenye ezenziwe ngemishini ngaphambi kokuba zithunyelwe kumakhasimende. Izikhungo zokukhiqiza ugesi, kuhlanganise nezikhungo zenuzi, nazo zisebenzisa izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-NDT ukuze ziqaphe isimo sama-reactor, ama-boiler, nama-steam turbine phakathi nesikhathi sokusebenza kwazo sonke. Ngisho nemikhakha yezimoto, izitimela, ezokwakha, neyasolwandle yamukele imishini yokuhlola engonakalisi njengengxenye ebalulekile yezinhlelo zayo zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi.

Ukuhlolwa Kwe-ultrasound (UT) kungenye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokuhlola okungonakalisi, okuncike emagagasini omsindo anemvamisa ephezulu ukuze kutholakale ukungaphatheki kahle kwangaphakathi, kukalwe ubukhulu bodonga, futhi kubonakaliswe izakhiwo zezinto. Izilinganisi zobukhulu be-ultrasound zingamadivayisi amancane, aphathwa ngesandla, athumela ama-pulse omsindo entweni futhi alinganise isikhathi esithathayo ukuba i-echo ibuye, enikeza ukufundwa okunembile kobukhulu bodonga obusele kumapayipi, amathangi, nemikhumbi yengcindezi. Lezi zilinganisi zibalulekile ezinhlelweni zokuqapha ukugqwala, ezivumela abahloli ukuthi balandele ukulahleka kwensimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngaphandle kwesidingo sokususa ukufakwa kwe-insulation noma ukukhipha amanzi ohlelweni. Izitholi zokungaphatheki kahle ze-ultrasound ezithuthukile zinamandla okuthwebula i-A-scan, i-B-scan, ne-C-scan, zinikeza abahloli imibono eningiliziwe yokungaphatheki kahle kwangaphakathi njengemifantu, ukufakwa kwezinto, nokuba nezimbotshana. Ngezici ezifana nobubanzi bemvamisa obulungisekayo, ukulawulwa kwenzuzo okuzenzakalelayo, nokugcinwa kwedatha, imishini yesimanje ye-ultrasound isibe lula ukusetshenziswa ngenkathi iletha amazinga aphezulu nakakhulu okunemba nokuphindaphindeka.

Ukuhlolwa Ngezithombe (RT) kusebenzisa imisebe ye-X noma imisebe ye-gamma engena emzimbeni ukukhiqiza isithombe esinobukhulu obubili sesakhiwo sangaphakathi sengxenye, okwenza kufaneleke kakhulu ekutholeni ukungapheleli okunjengemigodi, ukufakwa kwezinto ezingafanele, nokungahlangani kahle kwensimbi ekushisweni kwayo. Amasistimu edijithali e-X-ray aguqule le ndlela ngokuthatha indawo yefilimu yendabuko ngama-detector edijithali, okuvumela ukuthathwa kwesithombe ngokushesha, ukuthuthukiswa kokucutshungulwa kwesithombe, nokugcinwa ngokushesha kwamarekhodi okuhlola. Ukuhlolwa Ngamaza Kagesi (ET) ngenye indlela enamandla esebenzisa i-electromagnetic induction ukuthola ukungapheleli ezingaphezulu naseduze nendawo yezinto eziqhubayo, okuhlanganisa imifantu, ukugqwala, nokwehluka kwe-conductivity. Ama-eddy current flaw detectors abaluleke kakhulu embonini yezindiza ekuhloleni izikhumba zezindiza, izinto zokubopha, namashubhu okushintshanisa ukushisa. Ukuhlolwa Ngezinhlayiya Zamagnetic (MT) kuthola ukungapheleli ezingaphezulu noma ngaphansi kancane kwendawo ezintweni ze-ferromagnetic ngokufaka insimu kazibuthe nokusabalalisa izinhlayiya zensimbi ezicolekile eziqoqeka ezindaweni ezinokungapheleli. Ama-magnetic yokes aphathwayo enza le ndlela ibe lula ukuyenza endaweni yomsebenzi, noma ngabe uhlola ama-weld endaweni yokwakha noma uhlola ama-crane hooks ngesikhathi sokuhlola okujwayelekile kokuphepha.

Ukuhlolwa Kokungena Koketshezi (PT) yindlela elula kodwa ephumelela kakhulu yokuthola ukukhubazeka okungaphezulu ezintweni ezingenazo izimbotshana, kusetshenziswa udayi onemibala noma okhanyayo ongena emifantwini futhi ubonakale ngaphansi kokukhanya okufanele. Amasistimu okungena, okuhlanganisa izinto zokuhlanza, izifutho zokungena, izithuthukisi, namalambu e-ultraviolet, ayathengeka futhi kulula ukuwasetshenzisa, okwenza i-PT ibe ukukhetha okudumile ekuhloleni izingxenye eziningi. Ukuhlolwa Okubonakalayo (VT) kuseyindlela eyisisekelo futhi evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ye-NDT, evame ukuhambisana namathuluzi athuthukile afana nama-borescope nezinhlelo zokuhlola ngevidiyo ezivumela abahloli ukuthi babone ingaphakathi lezinjini, amapayipi, nezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ama-borescope aqinile naguquguqukayo anama-probe aguqukayo namakhamera anekhwalithi ephezulu aguqule ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo, evumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathole ukugqwala, imigodi, nezinto zangaphandle ezingcolile ezindaweni ezinzima ukufinyelela kuzo. Ndawonye, lezi zindlela zokuhlola ezingonakalisi ezivivinyiwe kanye nemishini yazo ehambisanayo zinikeza abahloli ithuluzi eliphelele lokubhekana nanoma yiphi inselelo yokuhlola.

Ekwenzeni ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza, imishini yokuhlola engonakalisi isebenza njengesivikelo sangaphambili ekulweni nemikhiqizo enamaphutha, iqinisekisa ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye ephuma emgqeni wokukhiqiza ihlangabezana nezimfuneko eziqinile. Abakhiqizi bezimoto basebenzisa i-NDT ukuhlola izinjini zamabhlogo, amakhanda amasilinda, amagiya okudlulisela amandla, nezingxenye zokumiswa ukuze bathole amaphutha angaphakathi angabeka engozini ukuphepha nokusebenza kwemoto. Izinkampani zezindiza zibeka ingxenye ngayinye ebalulekile ekuhloleni okungonakalisi okuqinile, kusukela kumakhala afana nama-fan blades, izinsimbi zokufika (landing gear), kuya ezingxenyeni zomzimba we-composite, ukuze zihlangabezane nezimfuneko eziqinile zabalawuli bezokundiza. Emkhakheni wemishini enzima, abakhiqizi baqinisekisa ubuqotho bemithungo yokushisela, izinsimbi ezibunjiwe (castings), nezinsimbi ezishaywayo (forgings) besebenzisa izindlela ze-ultrasonic, radiographic, ne-magnetic particle ngaphambi kokuba izingxenye zihlanganiswe zibe imikhiqizo yokugcina. Ngokuhlanganisa i-NDT enqubweni yokukhiqiza, abakhiqizi abanciphisi nje kuphela ubungozi bokwehluleka emkhakheni, kodwa futhi banciphisa ukumosheka kwezinto kanye nezindleko zokulungisa kabusha, okuholela enzuzweni enkulu iyonke.

Ukuhlolwa kwamapayipi kanye nemikhumbi yokucindezela kumelela enye yezinhlelo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuhlola engonakalisi, ngoba ukwehluleka kwalezi zinhlelo kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu kubantu nakwemvelo. Abaqhubi bamapayipi basebenzisa amathuluzi okulinganisa ubukhulu bodonga nge-ultrasonic ukuqapha ukuncipha kodonga olubangelwa ukugqwala kwangaphakathi, ukuguguleka, nokugeleza okunamandla, okubavumela ukuthi bahlele ukulungiswa ngaphambi kokuba kuqhubeke ukuvuza. Imikhumbi yokucindezela, esebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi namazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu, ihlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela yokuhlola nge-ultrasonic, ukuhlola nge-radiography, kanye nokuhlola nge-magnetic particle ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokushisela nokuthola ukona okusakhula. Embonini kawoyela negesi, i-NDT ibalulekile ekuhloleni amapulatifomu asolwandle, amapayipi angaphansi kolwandle, amathangi okugcina, kanye nemishini yezimboni zokuhluza, kwezinye zezindawo ezinzima kakhulu zokusebenza emhlabeni. Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kusetshenziswa imishini yokuhlola engonakalisi ethembekile kusiza abaqhubi ukuthi bandise impilo yempahla yabo, bathobele imithetho kahulumeni, futhi bagcine amazinga aphezulu kakhulu okuphepha kuyo yonke ingqalasizinda yabo.

Umkhakha wemishini yokuhlola engenabungozi (nondestructive testing) ubhekana namagagasi amangalisayo okusungula izinto ezintsha, eqhutshwa ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe be-elekthroniksi, isofthiwe, nokuzenzakalela. Imishini ephathwayo isibe nencane kakhulu, ilula, futhi inamandla amaningi, ivumela abahloli ukuthi bathwale amasistimu e-ultrasonic, eddy current, ne-radiographic abanekhono ngqo endaweni yokuhlola. Amasistimu e-Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT) manje anikeza amandla okubona ngesikhathi sangempela acishe afane nokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha nge-ultrasound, enikeza imibono enemininingwane yezigaba eziphambanayo zezindawo zokushisela futhi enza ukuthi ukubonakaliswa kokukhubazeka kube msheshane futhi kunembe kakhudlwana. Amasistimu okuhlola azenzakalelayo, okuhlanganisa amarobhothi anwabuzelayo nama-drone afakwe izinzwa, asetshenziswa kakhulu ukuhlola amapayipi, amathangi okugcina, nezinye izakhiwo ezinkulu okunzima noma okuyingozi ukuthi abahloli abangabantu zifinyelele kuzo. Isibonelo, amasistimu okuhlola amarobhothi angahamba ngaphakathi kwamapayipi, eqoqa idatha yobukhulu be-ultrasonic ezindaweni ezinkulungwane ngenkathi eqeda isidingo sokumba noma sokuvala umsebenzi.

Izindaba zemboni nokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo kuqhubeka kugqamisa ijubane lokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe bokuhlola okungonakalisi, lapho ubuhlakani bokwenziwa nokufunda kwemishini sekuqala ukudlala indima enkulu ekuhlaziyweni kwedatha nasekuqashelweni kokukhubazeka. Ama-algorithms esofthiwe manje asekwazi ukukhomba nokuhlukanisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukukhubazeka kudatha ye-ultrasonic, radiographic, ne-eddy current, okunciphisa umthwalo wabasebenzi bokuhlola futhi kuthuthukise ukuvumelana kuyilapho kusashiya isinqumo sokugcina kubasebenzi abanokuhlangenwe nakho. Izinkundla zokuphatha idatha ezisekelwe efulvini zivumela imiphumela yokuhlola ukuthi ilayishwe, yabelwane ngayo, futhi ihlaziywe ngesikhathi sangempela, okwenza kube lula ukubambisana okungcono phakathi kwamaqembu nokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi olwengeziwe. Ukuxhumana okungenazintambo nobuchwepheshe bamabhethri obusha kwenze amathuluzi asensimini asebenziseka kalula futhi athembeke kakhulu, kuyilapho imiklamo eqinile iqinisekisa ukuthi amela isimo sezulu esibi, uthuli, nokudlidliza. Ezinkampanini ezifuna ukuhlala ziphambili, ukulandela izindaba zakamuva nokwethulwa kwemikhiqizo emkhakheni wemishini yokuhlola engonakalisi kubalulekile ekugcineni inzuzo yokuncintisana.

Ukukhetha imishini efanele yokuhlola engonakalisi (nondestructive testing) kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwezinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekile, okuhlanganisa amazinga omkhakha asebenzayo, indawo yokuhlola, kanye nesabelomali esikhona. Okokuqala nokubalulekile, imishini kumele ikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezinga lokuhlola elithile elidingwa umkhakha wakho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yi-ASME, i-ASTM, i-ISO, noma olunye uhlaka lokulawula, ngoba amazinga ahlukene adinga amazinga ahlukene obuntununtunu nokunemba. Indawo okuzokwenziwa kuyo ukuhlola nayo ibalulekile, ngoba imishini esetshenziswa ezindaweni eziyingozi noma ezisogwini ingadinga isitifiketi sokungavimbi ukuqhuma noma izici ezikhethekile zokuqina. Ukucatshangelwa kwesabelomali akumele kugcine enanini lokuthenga lokuqala kuphela, kodwa kufanele kuhlanganise izindleko zokulinganisa kabusha, izingxenye eziyisipele, ukuqeqeshwa, kanye nezidingo zesikhathi eside zokunakekela. Ukwengeza, kuhle ukucabangela idumela lomkhiqizi, ukwesekwa kwangemva kokuthengisa, kanye nokutholakala kwabahlinzeki bezinsiza bendawo abangagcina imishini yakho isebenza ngezinga eliphezulu.

Uma usuke ukhethe uhlobo olufanele lwemishini yokuhlola engenabungozi (nondestructive testing), ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikalibrishwa kahle futhi inezitifiketi ezifanele kubalulekile ukuze uthole imiphumela yokuhlola evumelekile neqinisekiswayo emthethweni. Yonke imishini ye-NDT kufanele ikalibrishwe njalo ngokuya ngezincomo zomkhiqizi namazinga omkhakha, kusetshenziswa amabhulokhi ereferensi aqinisekisiwe nezinqubo zokukalibrisha ezingalandelelwa emuva emazingeni kazwelonke. Abasebenzi abasebenzisa imishini kufanele nabo babe nezitifiketi ngokuya ngezinhlelo ezaziwayo ezifana ne-ISO 9712 noma i-SNT-TC-1A, okubonisa ukuthi banolwazi nolwazi oludingekayo ukuze benze i-NDT ngendlela efanele. Amarekhodi okukalibrisha, izitifiketi zabasebenzi, nezinqubo zokuhlola kubalulekile, kokubili ezinhlelweni zangaphakathi zokuphatha ikhwalithi nokuphumelela ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle. Ukusebenzisana nomhlinzeki onethemba ohlinzeka ngoqeqesho oluphelele, izinsiza zokukalibrisha, nokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe kuqinisekisa ukuthi utshalo bakho emishinini yokuhlola engenabungozi luletha imiphumela ethembekile iminyaka ezayo.

I-Jinan Wangtebei Instrument and Equipment Co., Ltd. isungule ukuzinza njengomkhiqizi othembekile wamathuluzi okuhlola izinto zokwakha ezisezingeni eliphezulu, enikeza uhla olubanzi lwemishini yokuhlola ngemishini kanye nemikhiqizo ehlobene esekela ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi ezimbonini eziningi. Nakuba inkampani yaziwa kakhulu ngemishini yayo yokuhlola yonke into, imishini yokuhlola ukudonsa nokucindezela, kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlola ukukhathala, ubuchwepheshe bayo bokuhlola izinto zokwakha bungena ngokwemvelo emkhakheni obanzi wokulawula ikhwalithi nokuhlola. Ukuzibophezela kwenkampani kubuchwepheshe bokunemba, ukulawula ikhwalithi okuqinile, nokuhambisana namazinga omhlaba wonke kuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izingcezu zemishini ziletha ukusebenza okunembile nokuthembekile ezindaweni zokukhiqiza ezidinga kakhulu. Iphothifoliyo yabo yemikhiqizo, ongayihlola ku-Imikhiqizo ikhasi, yakhelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabakhiqizi abafuna izixazululo zokuhlola eziqinile nezithembekile.

Okuhlukanisa ngempela iJinan Wangtebei ukuzinikela kwayo ekwanelisekeni kwamakhasimende, inikeza ukwesekwa kochwepheshe kwezobuchwepheshe, insizakalo ebanzi yangemva kokuthengisa, kanye nezinketho eziguquguqukayo zokwenza ngendlela oyifisayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo eziyingqayizivele zokuhlola. Ithimba lonjiniyela elinamava lenkampani lisebenza eduze namakhasimende ukuze liqonde izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile futhi lincome umshini ofaneleka kakhulu ezidingweni zawo, liqinisekisa ukubuyiselwa kwenzuzo okuphelele. Ngamandla okuthumela emhlabeni wonke kanye nomlando oqinile wokusebenza namakhasimende amazwe ngamazwe, iJinan Wangtebei yakhe idumela lokuthembeka nobungcweti obunabela emazwenikazi amaningi. Kusukela ekuboniswaneni kokuqala kuze kufike ekufakweni, ukuqeqeshwa, kanye nokusekelwa okuqhubekayo, ithimba lizibophezele ekunikezeni ulwazi olungenazihibe. Ungafunda kabanzi ngefilosofi yenkampani yabo kanye nezitifiketi ku-Mayelana Nathi ikhasi, noma xhumana nathi nge-Ukusekela ikhasi ukuze uxoxe ngezidingo zakho ezithile. Ukuze uhlale unolwazi ngokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo yakamuva kanye nemininingwane yomkhakha, vakashela i-Izindaba isigaba, esivame ukufaka izindatshana ezibalulekile ngobuchwepheshe bokuhlola.

Okokunqola okungonakalisi (Nondestructive testing) kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni ikhwalithi, ukuphepha, nokwethembeka kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo nezingxenye emkhakheni wonke wezimboni, kusukela kwezindiza kuya kwezikawoyela negesi. Ngokuqonda izindlela ezahlukene ze-NDT, okuhlanganisa i-ultrasonic, i-radiographic, i-eddy current, i-magnetic particle, i-liquid penetrant, nokuhlola okubonakalayo, ochwepheshe bangakwazi ukukhetha amathuluzi afanele ezinseleleni zabo ezithile zokuhlola. Ukuqamba okusha okuqhubekayo kumadivayisi aphathwayo, ukusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo, nokuhlaziywa kwedatha kwenza ukuhlola okungonakalisi kube nempumelelo, kunembile, futhi kufinyeleleke kakhulu kunangaphambili. Lapho ukhetha imishini, ukunaka ngokucophelela amazinga, indawo, isabelomali, ukulinganisa, nokuqinisekiswa kwabasebenzi kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lokuhlola luletha imiphumela ethembekile. Njengozakwethu othembekile, i-Jinan Wangtebei Instrument and Equipment Co., Ltd. inikeza izixazululo zokuhlola ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezisekelwa ukwesekwa kochwepheshe nensizakalo yomhlaba wonke, ilungele ukukusiza ukuthi uthuthukise amandla akho okulawula ikhwalithi. Siyakukhuthaza ukuthi uxhumane nethimba namuhla ukuze nixoxe ngendlela imishini yabo engaba nomthelela ngayo ekusebenzeni kwakho okuhle nempumelelo yesikhathi eside.

Imishini yokuhlola engonakalisi isetshenziselwa ukuhlola izinto, izingxenye, nezakhiwo ukuze kutholakale amaphutha afana nemifantu, ukugqwala, izikhala, nokungaqhubeki kokushisela ngaphandle kokulimaza into ehlolwayo. Lokhu kuvumela onjiniyela ukuthi baqinisekise ikhwalithi, baqinisekise ukuphepha, futhi baqaphe isimo sezimpahla ezibalulekile ngenkathi zisasebenza. Kusetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezifana nezindiza, uwoyela negesi, ukukhiqiza, nokukhiqiza amandla ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwehluleka futhi kunwetshwe impilo yezimpahla.

Izindlela ezivame kakhulu ze-NDT zihlanganisa Ukuhlolwa Kwe-ultrasound (UT), Ukuhlolwa Ngemisebe (RT), Ukuhlolwa Ngogesi Olujikelezayo (ET), Ukuhlolwa Ngezinhlayiya Zamagnetic (MT), Ukuhlolwa Ngokungena Koketshezi (PT), kanye Nokuhlolwa Ngokubona (VT). Indlela ngayinye inamandla ayo futhi ifanele ukuthola izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaphutha ezintweni ezahlukene. Izinhlelo eziningi zokuhlola zihlanganisa izindlela ezimbalwa ukuze zithole ukumboza okuphelele kokubili amaphutha angaphezulu nangaphakathi.

Imishini yokuhlola ngomsindo we-ultrasonic isebenza ngokuthumela amagagasi omsindo anemvamisa ephezulu entweni ethile bese ikala ama-echo abuyayo ukuze ithole izinkinga zangaphakathi nokulinganisa ubukhulu. I-transducer ikhiqiza ama-pulse omsindo, ahamba entweni bese ebuyela emuva uma ehlangana nokushintsha kokuminyana, njengomfantu noma udonga lwangemuva. Isikhathi nobukhulu bama-echo kunikeza ulwazi mayelana nokujula nosayizi wanoma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka okutholiwe.

Izindleko zemishini yokuhlola engonakalisi ziyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngendlela, izici, umkhiqizi, nokusetshenziswa. Amathuluzi alula afana nama-magnetic yoke namakhithi okungena (penetrant kits) ayathengeka kalula, kuyilapho izinhlelo ezithuthukile ezifana nezinsimbi ze-phased array ultrasonic nezinhlelo ze-digital X-ray zimelela utshalomali olukhulu. Abathengi abangaba khona kufanele bacabangele ukulinganiswa, ukuqeqeshwa, nezindleko zokunakekela, kanye nokonga okukhulu okunikezwa yi-NDT ngokuvimbela ukwehluleka nokuma komsebenzi.

Imishini ye-NDT kufanele ilinganiswe ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile ezichazwe umenzi, amazinga afanelekile embonini, kanye nokuphindaphindwa kokusetshenziswa. Izinhlangano eziningi zilinganisa amathuluzi azo minyaka yonke, kuyilapho imishini esetshenziswa ezimweni ezibucayi noma ezimbi ingadinga ukulinganiswa kaningi. Ukulinganiswa kufanele futhi kwenziwe ngemva kwanoma yikuphi ukulungiswa noma ukusolwa kokulimala, futhi amarekhodi afanele ayo yonke imisebenzi yokulinganisa kufanele agcinwe ukuze kutholakale ubufakazi nokuthobela imithetho.

Izindlela ezahlukene ze-NDT zifanele izinto ezahlukene, futhi ayikho indlela eyodwa esebenza kuzo zonke izinto. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic kusebenza kahle ezinsimbini, amapulasitiki, kanye nezinto eziyinhlanganisela, kuyilapho ukuhlolwa kwezinhlayiya ezinamandla kukhawulelwe ezintweni ezinamandla kazibuthe. Ukuhlolwa kokungena koketshezi kusebenza kahle ezindaweni ezingenazo izimbotshana, futhi ukuhlolwa kwe-eddy current kufaneleka izinsimbi eziqhubayo. Ukukhetha indlela efanele kudinga ukuhlolwa kohlobo lwento kanye nezinhlobo zokulimala ezilindelekile.

Abasebenzisi bemishini yokuhlola okungonakalisi kufanele bathole ukuqeqeshwa okusemthethweni kanye nokugunyazwa ngokuya ngezinhlelo ezaziwayo ezifana ne-ISO 9712 noma i-SNT-TC-1A. Ukuqeqeshwa kuhlanganisa izimiso zendlela yokuhlola, ukusebenza kwemishini, ukuhumusha ukukhubazeka, kanye nezindinganiso zokuphepha ezisebenzayo. Ukugunyazwa ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa inhlanganisela yokufundisa ekilasini, izivivinyo zokusebenza, kanye nezivivinyo ezibhalwayo, okulandelwa ukuqinisekiswa kabusha ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kugcinwe ikhono.

Ukukhetha imishini ye-NDT efanele kuhilela ukuhlola izidingo ezithile zokuhlola, amazinga omkhakha asebenzayo, izimo zemvelo, kanye nezithiyo zesabelomali. Cabanga ngezinhlobo zamaphutha odinga ukuwathola, izinto zokusebenza ozisebenzisayo, nokuthi ukuhlola kuzokwenzeka elabhorethri noma endaweni yokusebenza. Ukubonisana nabahlinzeki abanolwazi nokubuyekeza uhla lwemikhiqizo yabo kanye namandla okusekela ubuchwepheshe kungakusiza ukuthi uthathe isinqumo esinolwazi.

Yebo, izinhlobo eziningi zemishini yokuhlola engeyona eyeqiniso (nondestructive testing) ziyatholakala ngendlela ephathwayo noma ephathwa ngesandla, kuhlanganise nama-ultrasonic thickness gauges, ama-flaw detectors, izinsimbi ze-eddy current, ama-magnetic yokes, nama-video borescopes. Imishini ephathwayo ivumela abahloli ukuthi benze ukuhlola endaweni enzima noma ekude ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunemba. Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bamabhethri nokwakhiwa okuqinile kwenze imishini ye-NDT ephathwayo yathandwa kakhulu ezinsizeni zasensimini.

I-Jinan Wangtebei Instrument and Equipment Co., Ltd. ihlinzeka ngohlu olubanzi lwemishini yokuhlola izinto kanye nokulawula ikhwalithi, kanye nokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe nesevisi yangemva kokuthengisa. Ithimba labo lingakusiza ukukhetha umshini ofanele, ukwenza izixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezidingo ezithile, nokunikeza ukusekelwa okuqhubekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuthembekile. Ngamandla okuthumela emhlabeni wonke, i-Jinan Wangtebei ingumlingani othembekile wamabhizinisi emhlabeni wonke afuna izixazululo zokuhlola ezithembekile.