Ukukhathala kwezinto (material fatigue) kungenye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokwehluleka kwezingxenye zobunjiniyela, futhi ukuqonda indlela izinto eziziphatha ngayo lapho zilayishwa ngokuphindaphindiwe kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha nokwethembeka. Ukuhlolwa kokukhathala (fatigue testing) ngakho-ke kube yisisekelo sesayensi yezinto, ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi, nokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo ezimbonini eziningi. Umshini wokuhlola ukukhathala oguquguqukayo (dynamic fatigue testing machine) udlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo ngokusilingisela izimo zangempela zokujikeleza endaweni yaselabhorethri elawulwayo. Lo mhlahlandlela wenzelwe ukunikeza onjiniyela, abaphathi bokuthenga, ochwepheshe bekhwalithi, nabacwaningi ukuqonda okujulile kwendlela le mishini esebenza ngayo, izinhlobo ezikhona, nendlela yokukhetha efanele. Noma ngabe usungula ilabhorethri entsha noma uthuthukisa ingqalasizinda yakho ekhona yokuhlola, ulwazi olwethulwe lapha luzosebenza njengereferensi esebenzayo yokwenza utshalomali olunolwazi.

Ukuhlolwa kokukhathala okuguquguqukayo (dynamic fatigue testing) yindlela esetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuthi into noma ingxenye iziphatha kanjani uma ibhekene nemithwalo ephindaphindwayo noma eguquguqukayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngokuvamile kuze kube yilapho yehluleka. Ngokungafani nokuhlolwa okukodwa kokudonsa noma kokucindezela okungaguquki, ukuhlolwa kokukhathala kuveza isampula emithwalweni ejikelezayo elingisa izimo ezitholakala ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwangempela. Umqondo oyisisekelo ukuthi ngisho nasemazingeni okucindezeleka aphansi kakhulu kunamandla okuvumela kwento, ukulayisha okuphindaphindiwe kungaqala imifantu emincane ekancane ekancane ikhule futhi ekugcineni iholele ekwehlulekeni okuyinhlekelele. Lesi simo, esaziwa ngokuthi ukukhathala, sibangela iphesenti elikhulu lokwehluleka kwemishini ezimweni zangempela zokusebenza. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokuhlolwa okungaguquki nokuguquguqukayo ukuthi ukuhlolwa okungaguquki kusebenzisa umthwalo okhula ngokuqhubekayo oqondiswe ohlangothini olulodwa, kuyilapho ukuhlolwa okuguquguqukayo kusebenzisa imithwalo eshintshanayo noma eguquguqukayo ngamazinga okulawula kanye nobukhulu obulawulwayo. Ukuqonda lo mehluko kubalulekile ngoba izinto ezibonakala ziqinile ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwezimo ezingaguquki zingahluleka ngokushesha ngaphansi komthwalo oguquguqukayo, okwenza idatha yokukhathala ibaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni okuphephile.

Ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa kokukhathala akunakushaywa indiva, ikakhulukazi ezimbonini lapho izimpilo zabantu zincike ekuqineni kwezingxenye. Amaphiko endiza, izingxenye zokumiswa kwezimoto, izakhiwo zamabhuloho, izinto zokufakelwa emzimbeni, kanye nemishini kagesi yabathengi—konke kudinga idatha yokukhathala ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kungamelana neminyaka yokusetshenziswa ngaphandle kokwehluleka okungalindelekile. Onjiniyela basebenzisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokukhathala ukwakha amajika e-S-N, abonisa ubukhulu bokucindezeleka ngokumelene nenani lemijikelezo ekufinyeleleni ekwehlulekeni, okunikeza ukuboniswa okubonakalayo kwempilo yokukhathala kwento. Lawa majika aqondisa izinqumo zokuklama, asize ekumiseni imikhawulo ephephile yokusebenza, futhi abalulekile ekubikezeleni izikhathi zokulungisa kanye nempilo yokusebenza. Ngaphandle kokuhlolwa okunembile kokukhathala, onjiniyela bengaphoqeleka ukuba bathembele ezilinganisweni zokuphepha eziqine ngokweqile, okukhuphula izindleko zezinto zokusebenza nezokukhiqiza ngokungadingekile. Ngakho-ke, umshini wokuhlola ukukhathala oguquguqukayo akuwona nje ithuluzi laselebhu; iyithuluzi elibalulekile elivala igebe phakathi kwezakhiwo zento ezithiyori kanye nokulindeleka kokusebenza emhlabeni wangempela.

Enhliiziyweni yomshini ngamunye wokuhlola ukukhathala okuguquguqukayo (dynamic fatigue testing machine) kukhona ikhono lokusebenzisa umthwalo ojikelezayo olawulwayo, ophindaphindekayo esampulini yokuhlola ngenkathi kukalwa ngokuqhubekayo ukucindezeleka (stress) nokunwebeka (strain) okubangelwayo. Umsebenzi womshini ugxile kuhlaka lomthwalo (load frame) oluhlanganisa i-actuator, ekhiqiza amandla emishini, kanye nomthombo wamandla oshayela i-actuator, kungaba ngamandla oketshezi (hydraulically) noma kagesi (electromagnetically). Uhlelo lokulawula lomshini lulawula ngokunembile ubukhulu bomthwalo (load amplitude), imvamisa (frequency), kanye nokwakheka kwegagasi (waveform shape), okuvumela abasebenzi ukuthi balingise izimo ezahlukahlukene zokusebenza njengamaphethini omthwalo we-sinusoidal, unxantathu (triangular), noma ngisho nokungahleliwe (random). Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, isampula yokuhlola ibanjwa ngokuqinile emaphethelweni womibili, futhi i-actuator isebenzisa amandla ajikelezayo ngokuya ngemiphumela yokuhlola ehlelwe ngaphambilini. Uhlelo luqopha idatha ngokuqhubekayo, okuhlanganisa umthwalo, ukugudluka (displacement), kanye nenani lemijikelezo, okunika onjiniyela ithuba lokubona ukuthi impahla iwohloka kanjani ngomjikelezo ngamunye odlulayo.

Inqubo yokulayisha ejikelezayo ilawulwa amapharamitha amaningi aguquguqukayo athinta ngqo ukuziphatha kokukhathala kwento ecwaningwayo. I-frequency, elinganiswa nge-hertz, inquma ukuthi mangaki amjikelezo womthwalo asetshenziswa ngomzuzwana futhi iyisici esibalulekile esikhathini sokuhlolwa, ngoba ama-frequency aphezulu avumela ukuhlolwa ukuthi kuqedwe ngesikhathi esincane kakhulu. Ukulawulwa kwe-amplitude, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuchaza ubukhulu bokushintshashintsha komthwalo, noma ngabe kuguqulwa ngokugcwele, njengokwelula nokucindezela, noma kuphindwa ohlangothini olulodwa, njengokulayisha kusuka kuziro kuya ekweluleni. Ukusabela kwe-stress-strain kwento kuqashwa ngokuqhubekayo, kunikeza imininingwane ebalulekile ngokuguquka kwe-elastic, ukuguquka kwe-plastic, kanye nokuqala kokuqhekeka nokusakazeka kokuqhekeka. Imishini yesimanje elawulwa nge-servo ingagcina ukuzinza okunembile kakhulu kwe-frequency nomthwalo, ngisho nasezigidini zamajikelezo, okubalulekile ekukhiqizeni idatha ethembekile nephindaphindekayo. Lokhu kunemba kutholakala ngokulawulwa kwempendulo evaliwe, lapho izinzwa zixhumana ngokuqhubekayo nohlelo lokulawula ukuze kulungiswe noma yikuphi ukuphambuka ezimisweni zokuhlola ezihleliwe.

Akuzona zonke imishini yokuhlola ukukhathala (dynamic fatigue testing machines) eyenziwe ngendlela efanayo, futhi ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele kuncike kakhulu ezintweni ezihlolwayo, ububanzi bomthwalo odingekayo, kanye nemvamisa yokusebenza. Uhlobo olusetshenziswa kakhulu umshini wokuhlola ukukhathala we-servo-hydraulic, osebenzisa iphampu yamandla e-hydraulic ukuze ushayele i-actuator ngamandla amakhulu nokunemba kokuhamba. Le mishini iyaguquguquka kakhulu, ikwazi ukusebenzisa amandla okudonsa, okucindezela, okugoba, nokuphendula (torsional loads), futhi ingasebenza ngemvamisa esukela ezingxenyeni ze-hertz kuya kuma-hertz angaba ngu-100 ekucushweni okujwayelekile. Ikhono lazo lokuthwala imithwalo ephezulu, evame ukudlula amakhilonewton angamakhulu ambalwa, liwenza abe yisinqumo esiyinhloko ekuhloleni izingxenye ezinkulu, izinhlobo zensimbi, nezakhi zokwakha. Nokho, zidinga ingqalasizinda ebanzi, okuhlanganisa amandla e-hydraulic, amasistimu okupholisa, nokunakekelwa okuvamile koketshezi lwe-hydraulic nama-seal, okungakhuphula izindleko zokuphelelwa impahla.

Imishini yokuhlola ukukhathala kwe-electrodynamic, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi imishini ye-resonant noma ye-electromagnetic, inikeza enye indlela esebenza ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla amancane kakhulu nomsindo omncane kakhulu. Le mishini isebenzisa uhlelo lokushayela lwe-electromagnetic futhi isebenzisa i-resonant frequency yesampula nohlaka ukuze ifinyelele amazinga aphezulu kakhulu okujikeleza, ngokuvamile ifinyelela amakhulu amahlezi ngomzuzwana. Lo mgomo wokusebenza uwenza ikakhulukazi ukuthi ilungele ukuhlola ukukhathala okuphezulu kwe-high-cycle lapho izigidi zemijikelezo kufanele ziqongelelwe esikhathini esifanele. Imishini yokuhlola ukukhathala kwe-rotary bending imele esinye isigaba esikhethekile, eklanyelwe ngqo ukuhlola izinhlaka zensimbi eziyindilinga ngaphansi kwemithwalo egobayo ejikelezayo, isimo esivame ukuhlangabezana naso ngama-shafts nama-axles ajikelezayo. Ekugcineni, imishini yokuhlola ukukhathala kwe-high-frequency, eyaziwa nangokuthi imishini yokukhathala ye-ultrasonic, isebenza ngamaza asemazingeni amashumi amakhulu e-kilohertz, okwenza ukuhlolwa kokukhathala kwezinto kusheshe kakhulu, nakuba ngokuvamile idinga ukulungiswa okukhethekile kwesampula futhi ifaneleka kakhulu ezifundweni zokukhathala kwe-very high-cycle. Uhlobo ngalunye lomshini lunezinzuzo zalo ezithile nemikhawulo yalo, futhi ukuqonda okujulile kwale mehluko kubalulekile lapho ukhetha imishini yokusebenzisa okuthile.

Ukusebenza nokwethembeka komshini wokuhlola ukukhathala okuguquguqukayo kuncike kakhulu ekhwalithini nasekuklanyweni kwezingxenye zawo ezibalulekile, ngayinye yazo edlala indima ekhethekile enqubweni yokuhlola. Uhlaka lomthwalo luhlinzeka ngesakhiwo esiqinile esisekela isampula futhi simunca amandla aphezulu akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuhlola, futhi kumele siqine ngokwanele ukuvimbela ukuchezuka okweqile okungahle kuhlaneke imiphumela yokuhlola. I-actuator, kungaba yi-hydraulic noma i-electromagnetic, iyinhliziyo yomshini, iguqula amandla abe ukunyakaza kwemishini okunembile, futhi ukuklanywa kwayo kunquma amandla aphezulu, ubude besitroke, nesivinini sokusabela. Iyunithi yamandla e-hydraulic, esimweni semishini ye-servo-hydraulic, ihlinzeka ngoketshezi olucindezelwe ku-actuator futhi kumele igcine ukucindezela nokugeleza okuzinzile ukuze iqinisekise ukusebenza okungaguquki. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-electromagnetic drives awasadingi ingqalasizinda ye-hydraulic, anikeza ukusebenza okuhlanzekile nokuthulile kodwa ngokuvamile anamandla aphansi kakhulu.

Imishini yanamuhla yokuhlola ukukhathala (fatigue testing) eDynamic ifakwe izinhlelo zokulawula eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nesoftware evumela umsebenzisi ukuthi ahlele izinhlobo zokuhlola eziyinkimbinkimbi, aqaphe imiphumela ngesikhathi sangempela, futhi ahlaziye idatha ngemva kokuphothulwa kokuhlola. Amaphakheji esoftware athuthukile anikeza izici ezinjengokuhlola ngezinyathelo (step testing), ukulayisha ngamabhulokhi (block loading), ukulayisha nge-spectrum engahleliwe (random spectrum loading), kanye nokumisa ukuhlola ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho isampula liphuka, okukhulisa kakhulu umkhiqizo womsebenzisi. Ama-grips nama-fixtures nakho kubalulekile ngokulinganayo, ngoba isampula elibambeke kabi lingashelela noma liphuke ngaphambi kwesikhathi emgqeni wokubamba, kungase kungasebenzi idatha, ngakho abakhiqizi banikeza uhla olubanzi lwama-grips asezingeni eliphezulu ukuze ahlangabezane nezinhlobonhlobo zokuma kwamasampula nezinto zokwakha. Izici zokuphepha nazo zibalulekile okumelwe zicatshangelwe, kuhlanganise nezinkinobho zokumisa okuphuthumayo (emergency stop buttons), izindawo zokuvikela (protective enclosures), ukuvikelwa ekushiseni ngokweqile (thermal overload protection), kanye nokucisha ngokuzenzakalelayo uma kwenzeka ingozi noma ukwehluleka kwe-hydraulic. Ndawonye, lezi zingxenye zisebenza ngokuvumelana ukuletha ukuhlola ukukhathala okuthembekile, okunembile, nokuphephile, futhi ikhwalithi yonke yohlelo iwukubonakaliswa okuqondile kobuchwepheshe bomkhiqizi walo. Njengomkhiqizi ohamba phambili, i-Jinan Wangtebei igcizelela kakhulu ekukhiqizeni imishini enezingxenye eziqinile nesoftware eqondakalayo, futhi abafundi abanesithakazelo bangahlola uhla olugcwele lwemishini yabo yokuhlola kuwebhusayithi yabo.Imikhiqizo ikhasi.

Imishini yokuhlola ukukhathala (dynamic fatigue testing machines) idlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni eminingi yezimboni, ngayinye yazo incike kudatha ekhiqizwayo ukuze iqinisekise ukuphepha komkhiqizo nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle. Emkhakheni wezindiza nomkhathi, izingxenye ezinjengama-turbine blade, izinsiza zokufika (landing gear), amaphaneli omzimba wendiza (fuselage panels), nezinsiza zokunamathisela amaphiko (wing attachments) zibekwa emicindezelweni ephindaphindwayo kanye nemithwalo ye-aerodynamic, okwenza ukuhlolwa kokukhathala kube yimpoqo ukuze kutholakale isitifiketi. Imboni yezimoto isebenzisa imishini yokukhathala ukuze ihlole izinsiza zokulenga (suspension arms), izingxenye zomzimba wemoto (chassis components), izinsiza zenjini (engine mounts), ngisho nezinhlaka eziphelele zezimoto, iqinisekisa ukuthi izimoto zihlala ziphephile kuyo yonke impilo yazo ezihloselwe yona. Ekwakhiweni nengqalasizinda, ukuhlolwa kokukhathala kusetshenziswa ezinhlakeni zensimbi (steel beams), izintambo zebhuloho (bridge cables), imizila yesitimela (rail tracks), namalunga okushisela (welding joints) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izakhiwo zingamelana neminyaka yemithwalo yezokuthutha nokucindezeleka kwemvelo. Abakhiqizi bemishini yezokwelapha bahlola ama-stent, amapuleti amathambo (bone plates), ama-valve enhliziyo okwenziwa (artificial heart valves), nezinsiza zokufakelwa emzimbeni (orthopedic implants), lapho ukwehluleka okukodwa kokukhathala kungaba nemiphumela ebulalayo esigulini.

Ngaphezu kwale mikhakha eyinhloko, ukuhlolwa kokukhathala kusetshenziswa kakhulu ocwaningweni nasemfundweni, lapho amalabhorethri asenyuvesi nezikhungo zocwaningo zifunda khona ukuziphatha kwezinto ezintsha eziyizingxubevange, ama-composite, amapholima, nezinto ezikhiqizwe ngobuchwepheshe bokwengeza (additive manufacturing). Idatha etholakala kulokhu kuhlolwa ingena ngqo emaqoqweni omhlaba wonke ezinto zokwakha, isiza izinhlangano ezibeka amazinga ukuthi zithuthukise imininingwane yazo namakhodi okuklama. Emkhakheni wamandla, ukuhlolwa kokukhathala kwama-blade emishini yomoya kanye nezingxenye zokumba emanzini kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba lezi zakhiwo zithola imijikelezo yomthwalo eyizigidi eziphuma emoyeni, amagagasi, nokwanda kokushisa. Ngokufanayo, izimboni zezitimela nezasolwandle zidinga ukuhlolwa okunabile kokukhathala kwama-bogie, ama-axle, iziqu zomkhumbi, nezingxenye zokushayela ukuze kugwenywe ukwehluleka okuyinhlekelele okungabeka engcupheni abagibeli nabasebenzi. Ukusetshenziswa ngakunye kudinga amandla athile okuhlola, njengemithwalo ephezulu, amagumbi akhethekile emvelo, noma imiklamo ekhethekile yezinsimbi, futhi abakhiqizi abafana noJinan Wangtebei sebezuze ulwazi olunabile ekuhlinzekeni izixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezidingo. I-Mayelana Nathi ikhasi ligqamisa ukuzinikela kwabo ekusekeleni izimboni ezihlukahlukene ngezixazululo zokuhlola ezenziwe ngokwezidingo kanye nezinhlelo zekhwalithi eziqinisekisiwe.

Ukuhlolwa kokukhathala okuguquguqukayo (dynamic fatigue testing) kuyinkambiso elawulwa kakhulu, futhi ukuhambisana namazinga amukelwa emhlabeni wonke kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imiphumela yokuhlola iyafana ezilabhorethini ezahlukene futhi yamukelwa izinhlaka ezilawulayo. I-American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) kanye ne-International Organization for Standardization (ISO) basungule amazinga aphelele alawula zonke izici zokuhlola ukukhathala, kusukela ekulungiseleleni isampula kuya ekubikeni idatha. Amazinga abalulekile afana ne-ASTM E466 ahlanganisa umkhuba wokuhlola ukukhathala kwe-axial okungaguquki ngamandla (force-controlled constant-amplitude axial fatigue tests) kwezinto zensimbi, kuyilapho i-ISO 1099 icacisa izindlela zokuhlola ukukhathala komthwalo we-axial kwezinsimbi. Amazinga engeziwe abhekana nezinhlobo ezithile zezinto, njenge-ASTM D7790 yamapholima kanye ne-ISO 3800 yezinto zokubopha ezinemicu (threaded fasteners), okuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo zokuhlola zilungiselelwe izici ezihlukile zento ngayinye. Ukulandela lawa mazinga akuyona into ongayikhetha ezimbonini ezidinga imiphumela eqinisekisiwe, futhi umshini wokuhlola ohloniphekile kumele ukwazi ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo ezishiwo kule mibhalo.

Ukulinganisa kungenye yezisekelo zokuthobela imithetho, futhi imishini yokuhlola ukukhathala okuguquguqukayo kufanele ilinganiswe njalo ngokuqhathaniswa nezindinganiso ezilandelwayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izilinganiso zomthwalo, ukugudluka, kanye nemvamisa zihlala zinembile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukulinganisa kufanele kwenziwe amalabhorethri agunyaziwe kusetshenziswa izilinganisi zomthwalo ezilinganisiwe, ama-extensometer, kanye nezibali zemvamisa, futhi isikhathi phakathi kokulinganisa ngokuvamile sisukela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya onyakeni owodwa, kuye ngokuqina kokusetshenziswa kanye nezinqubomgomo zangaphakathi zekhwalithi. Uhlelo lokulawula lomshini kufanele futhi luqinisekiswe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isimo segagasi esihleliwe sikhiqizwa ngokunembile nokuthi iluphu yempendulo igcina ubukhulu obucacisiwe ngaphakathi kwamazinga aqinile. Imibhalo yemiphumela yokulinganisa, kanye namarekhodi okugcinwa komshini okuvimbelayo, yakha ingxenye yomkhondo wokuhlola izinto abahloli bekhwalithi abalindele ukuyibona ngesikhathi sokuhlola. I-Jinan Wangtebei iyakuqonda ukubaluleka kokuthobela imithetho, futhi imishini yabo yaklanywa futhi yakhiwa ngokubheka izidingo ze-ASTM ne-ISO, inikeza amakhasimende ukuzethemba kokuthi izinqubo zabo zokuhlola zizohlangabezana ngisho nokuhlolwa okuqinile kakhulu kwemithetho.

Ukukhetha umshini wokuhlola ukukhathala oguquguqukayo ofanele kungukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu, futhi ukuhlolisisa ngokucophelela izidingo zakho zokusebenza kubalulekile ukuze ugweme amaphutha abizayo. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuhlola ngokucophelela izidingo zakho zokuhlola, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo zezinto ozozihlola, umthwalo omkhulu olindelekile, ububanzi befrikhwensi obudingekayo, kanye nobunjalo bezinhlobo zezibonelo ojwayele ukuhlangana nazo. Umshini omkhulu ngokweqile emsebenzini wakho ungase ubize ngokungadingekile futhi udle isikhala esiningi phansi, kuyilapho umshini omncane ngokweqile uzokhawulela amandla akho okuhlola futhi ungase ukhiqize idatha engavumelekile. Kufanele futhi unqume ukunemba kokulinganisa okudingayo, ngoba amazinga okunemba aphezulu abiza kakhulu futhi kungenzeka angadingeki kuyo yonke into. Izimo zemvelo, ezifana nezinga lokushisa, umswakama, kanye nokuba khona kwezinto ezikhipha ukugqwala, zingase zibangele isidingo sekamelo lokushisa noma isiteshi sokuhlola ukugqwala, okwengeza enye ingqikithi yobunkimbinkimbi enqubweni yokukhetha.

Isoftware nokukwazi ukuthola idatha komshini wokuhlola ukukhathala (fatigue testing machine) kubalulekile ngokufanayo, ngoba kuthinta ngqo ikhono lakho lokuhlaziya imiphumela nokukhiqiza imibiko ngempumelelo. Izinhlelo zesimanje kufanele zinikeze ukuboniswa kwesithombe ngesikhathi sangempela, ukudlulisa idatha kalula kumafomethi ajwayelekile espredishithi, kanye nokusekela ama-spectra okulayisha ayinkimbinkimbi alingisa izimo zangempela zokusebenza. Cabangela izinga lokusekelwa kwangemva kokuthengisa elinikezwa umkhiqizi, okuhlanganisa ukufakwa, ukuqeqeshwa, iwaranti, kanye nokutholakala kwezingxenye eziyisipele, ngoba lezi zici zingaba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwakho kahle esikhathini eside. Ukucabangela kwesabelomali akufanele kuhlanganise kuphela intengo yokuthenga yokuqala kodwa nezindleko zokufakwa, ukulinganisa, ukunakekela, kanye nokuthuthukiswa okungenzeka phakathi nokuphila komshini. I-Jinan Wangtebei inikeza uhlu olubanzi lokucushwa kokuhlola ukukhathala okuguquguqukayo, futhi ithimba labo lobuchwepheshe lingasiza ekuhloleni izidingo zakho nokuncoma umshini ofanele; ungafinyelela kubo nge-Ukusekela ikhasi ukuze sixoxe ngephrojekthi yakho ngemininingwane.

Njengoba kuyinto yonke ithuluzi lokulinganisa eliyinkimbinkimbi laselebhu, umshini wokuhlola ukukhathala oguquguqukayo udinga ukunakekelwa okuvamile kokuvimbela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuthembekile nokwelula isikhathi sokusebenza kwawo. Ukuhlola kwansuku zonke kufanele kuhlanganise ukuhlola amazinga nokuba semqoka kukawelense we-hydraulic, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zokubamba zihlanzekile futhi azinamonakalo, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izindlela zokuphepha zisebenza kahle. Ukunakekelwa kwamasonto onke kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlola ukuqondana kohlaka lomthwalo, ukugcoba izingxenye ezinyakazayo, nokubuyekeza isimo se-actuator seals namabheringi. Iyunithi yamandla ye-hydraulic, uma ifakiwe, idinga ukushintshwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwezihlungi, uwoyela, nama-seals, kuyilapho uhlelo lokupholisa kufanele luhlanzwe ukuze kugwenywe ukushisa ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuqhubekayo. Emishinini ye-electromagnetic, ukunakekelwa ngokuvamile kulula, kugxilwe ekuhlanzeni ama-drive coils, ukuhlola ukuxhumana kukagesi, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lokulawula i-resonance lulungiswe kahle.

Iinqubo zokulinganisa kufanele zilandele izincomo zomkhiqizi womshini kanye nanoma yiziphi izindinganiso ezisebenzayo, ngamazinga avamile ezinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kweziyishumi nambili kuye ngokuqina kokusetshenziswa. Ngesikhathi sokulinganisa, i-load cell, i-extensometer, kanye ne-displacement transducer kuhlolwa ngokumelene namathuluzi okulinganisa aqinisekisiwe, futhi noma ukuphambuka kungalungiswa ngokulungisa isofthiwe. Izinkinga ezivamile ezitholakala ngemishini yokukhathala zihlanganisa amasampula ashelelayo, umsindo kusignali yempendulo, ukunqanyulwa kokuhlola okungalindelekile, kanye nokulahlekelwa okuqhubekayo kwamandla okulayisha, konke lokhu okuvame ukulandelelwa emuva ekwehlulekeni kokulungiswa okuvimbelayo noma ingxenye egugile. Ukusungula irekhodi lokulungisa elibhalwe kahle kubalulekile, ngoba linikeza ubufakazi bokunakekelwa okufanele futhi lingaba lubalulekile ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa noma izimangalo zewaranti. Ngokulandela isheduli yokulungisa eqondile, amalabhorethri anganciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula, anciphise ubungozi bokuwohloka kwedatha, futhi akhulise imbuyiselo yokutshalwa kwezimali emishinini yokuhlola. I-Jinan Wangtebei ihlinzeka ngemibhalo ephelele yokulungisa kanye nokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe okuphendulayo kuyo yonke imishini yayo, futhi amakhasimende ayakhuthazwa ukuthi ahlale enolwazi mayelana nezibuyekezo nezinqubo ezinhle ngenkampani.Izindaba ikhasi.

Ukuhlolwa kokukhathala okuguquguqukayo (dynamic fatigue testing) kuyisiyalo esibalulekile esiqinisekisa ukuphepha, ukwethembeka, nokusebenza kahle kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo nezingxenye emkhakheni wonke wezobunjiniyela. Lo mhlahlandlela uhlanganise izimiso eziyisisekelo zokukhathala, izindlela zokusebenza zemishini yokuhlola ukukhathala eguquguqukayo, kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini ezitholakala emakethe namuhla, kanye nezingxenye zayo eziyinhloko nezindawo zokusebenza. Siphinde sahlola ukubaluleka kokulandela amazinga omhlaba, inqubo ebalulekile yokulinganisa (calibration), kanye nezici eziyinhloko okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa umshini ohambisana nezidingo zakho ezithile zokuhlola. Ukubaluleka kokunakekelwa okuvamile nokulinganisa okufanele akunakushaywa indiva, ngoba le misebenzi ithinta ngqo ikhwalithi yedatha nokuphila kwemishini. Ekugcineni, ukutshala imali kumshini wekhwalithi ephezulu wokuhlola ukukhathala eguquguqukayo ovela kumkhiqizi onedumela isinqumo esingamasu esiqhuba ubuhlakani nokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi, futhi ukubonisana nochwepheshe kuhlale kunconywa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ilabhorethri yakho ihlonyiswe ngesixazululo esifanele kakhulu. I-Jinan Wangtebei Instrument and Equipment Co., Ltd. ingumhlinzeki othembekile wemishini yokuhlola ukukhathala eneminyaka eminingi yokuhlangenwe nakho embonini, futhi ithimba labo lilungele ukunikeza isiqondiso sochwepheshe nemishini yokuhlola yekhwalithi ephezulu ukusekela izinhloso zakho zokuhlola izinto. Xhumana nabo namuhla ukuze uxoxe ngezidingo zakho futhi uthathe isinyathelo esilandelayo ekuphakamiseni amakhono akho okuhlola.

Umshini wokuhlola ukukhathala oguqukayo usetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuziphatha kokukhathala kwezinto ezibonakalayo nezingxenye ngokusebenzisa imithwalo ephindaphindwayo ejikelezayo kuze kube yilapho kwenzeka ukwehluleka. Usiza onjiniyela ukuqonda ukuthi into izosebenza kanjani emijikelezweni eminingi yokulayisha, okubalulekile ekwakheni imikhiqizo ephephile nethembekile. Idatha etholakala ekuhlolweni okunjalo isekela ukuthuthukiswa kwamajika e-S-N, ukuklama imikhawulo yokucindezeleka ephephile yokusebenza, futhi yazisa amashejuli okugcina. Empeleni, ilingisa izimo zangempela zokusebenza emhlabeni endaweni elawulwayo ukuze ibikezele ngokunembile impilo yokukhathala.

Umshini wokuhlola ongaguquki (static testing machine) usebenzisa umthwalo okhula kancane kancane esampulini kuze kube yilapho uphuka, ukala izici ezifana namandla okudonsa (tensile strength) namandla okuvumela (yield strength). Ngokuphambene, umshini wokuhlola ukukhathala okuguquguqukayo (dynamic fatigue testing machine) usebenzisa imithwalo ejikelezayo noma eguquguqukayo ngamazinga okushesha nobukhulu obulawulwayo, elingisa izimo zokulayisha eziphindaphindwayo izingxenye ezihlangabezana nazo ngesikhathi zisetshenziswa. Umehluko oyinhloko usekuthini kwemvelo yomthwalo osetshenziswayo: ukuhlola okungaguquki kuyisenzakalo esisodwa, kanti ukuhlola ukukhathala okuguquguqukayo kuhilela izigidi zemijikelezo. Lokhu kwehlukanisa kubalulekile ngoba izinto ezidlula ukuhlola okungaguquki zingahluleka noma kunjalo ngaphansi komthwalo ophindaphindwayo ngenxa yezindlela zokukhathala.

Izinto eziningi ezahlukene zingahlolwa, kuhlanganise nezinsimbi ezinjengensimbi, i-aluminium, i-titanium, kanye nezingxubevange zazo, kanye nama-polymers, ama-composites, ama-ceramics, irabha, ngisho nezinto zebhayoloji. Ukuhlelwa kokuhlola okuthile, okuhlanganisa ama-grips, ama-fixtures, nezindlela zokulayisha, kufanele kujwayelelwe uhlobo ngalunye lwento ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela enembile. Amandla okulayisha kanye namandla okwenza imvamisa komshini kufanele nakho kuhambisane namandla ento kanye nokuziphatha kokukhathala okulindelekile. Into ngayinye ikhiqiza idatha yokukhathala ehlukile esiza onjiniyela ukukhetha izinto ezifanele zezicelo ezithile.

Ubude besikhathi sokuphila komshini wokuhlola ukukhathala oguquguqukayo bungahluka kakhulu, ngokuvamile busukela eminyakeni engu-15 kuye kwengu-25 noma ngaphezulu, kuye ngokuqina kokusetshenziswa, ikhwalithi yokunakekela, nendawo yokusebenza. Ukunakekela okuvimbelayo okuvamile kanye nokushintshwa ngesikhathi kwezingxenye ezigugile, njengama-seal, ama-filter, nama-gripper, kungandisa kakhulu impilo yokusebenza yomshini. Ikhwalithi yokuklanywa komshini nayo idlala indima enkulu, njengoba izakhiwo nama-actuator akhiwe ngezinga eliphezulu emelana nokulayishwa okuphindaphindwayo isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuwohloka kwesakhiwo. Ukulandela isheduli yokunakekela enconyiwe yomkhiqizi kubalulekile ukuze kukhuliswe inzuzo yokutshala imali yakho.

Imvamisa ukulinganisa kwenziwa kanye ngonyaka, kodwa amalabhorethri amaningi akhetha ukulinganisa njalo ngezinyanga eziyisithupha, ikakhulukazi lapho ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngokuqhubekayo noma lapho kudingeka idatha enembile kakhulu. Isikhathi esithile sokulinganisa kufanele siqondiswe yizincomo zomenzi womshini, izinga lokusetshenziswa, kanye nanoma yiziphi izinqubomgomo zangaphakathi zokuphatha ikhwalithi. Ukulinganisa kuqinisekisa ukuthi izilinganiso zomthwalo, ukugudluka, kanye nemvamisa zinembile futhi zilandeleka ezindinganisweni zikazwelonke noma zamazwe ngamazwe. Ukunamathela ohlelweni oluqinile lokulinganisa kubalulekile ekugcineni ubuqotho bedatha nasekuhambisana nezindinganiso zomkhakha.

Imishini ye-servo-hydraulic inikeza amandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuhle kakhulu, nokulawula okunembile komthwalo nokugudluzwa, okwenza ikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngezindlela eziningi ekuhloleni izingxenye ezinkulu nezinto ezinamandla aphezulu. Ingasebenza ebangeni elibanzi lemvamisa futhi isekele izinhlobo ezahlukene zokulayisha, okuhlanganisa ukunwebeka, ukucindezelwa, ukugoba, nokuphenduka. Ukulawula okuvalekile kwe-loop feedback kuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kabusha okunembile kakhulu kwe-waveform yokuhlola ehleliwe, ngisho nasemithwalweni emikhulu. Lezi zinzuzo zenza imishini ye-servo-hydraulic ibe ukukhetha okuthandwayo ezinhlelweni zokuhlola ukukhathala eziyinselele emkhakheni we-aerospace, wezimoto, nobunjiniyela bezakhiwo.

I-S-N curve, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Wöhler curve, ibonisa ubukhulu bokucindezeleka (S) ngokumelene nenani lemijikelezo yokwehluleka (N) ngesilinganiso se-logarithmic. Ingenye yemiphumela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuhlolwa kokukhathala ngoba imelela ngokubonakalayo impilo yokukhathala kwento ezingeni elihlukahlukene lokucindezeleka. Onjiniyela basebenzisa ama-S-N curves ukunquma umkhawulo wokubekezela, okuwukucindezeleka okungaphansi kwakho into engakwazi ukumelana nemijikelezo engenamkhawulo ngokombono. Lolu lwazi luyisisekelo ekwakheni izingxenye eziphephile ekwehlulekeni kokukhathala phakathi nesikhathi sokusebenza esihlosiwe.

Yebo, imishini eminingi yokuhlola ukukhathala okuguquguqukayo ingafakwa amagumbi ezemvelo noma iziko lokushisa ezivumela ukuhlolwa emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, amazingeni okushisa aphansi, noma amazinga omswakamo alawulwayo. Lezi zinsiza zivumela ukuhlolwa kwezinto ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa ezizobhekana nazo ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela, njengezingxenye ze-turbine noma amasistimu e-exhaust. Igumbi lihlanganiswa nesakhiwo sokulayisha futhi kumele livumele ama-grips nama-extensometer ukuthi asebenze kahle ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa ukushisa. Ukuhlola ukukhathala okulawulwa izinga lokushisa kunikeza idatha engokoqobo futhi kusiza ukuhlonza izindlela zokwehluleka ezincike ezingeni lokushisa.

Ukupheka kubaluleke kakhulu ekuhlolweni kokukhathala, futhi imishini kufanele ifakwe izinkinobho zokumisa okuphuthumayo, ukuvala okuzenzakalelayo lapho kugcwala, kanye nezivikelo ukuze kugwenywe ukulimala ngenxa yokuphuka kwesampula. Izinhlelo eziningi zibuye zihlanganise ukuvikelwa ekushiseni ngokweqile, ukuqapha kwengcindezi ye-hydraulic, kanye nezinto zokuvimba ezimisa ukusebenza lapho izivikelo zivulwa. Izilungiselelo zokuphepha ezisekelwe kusofthiwe, njengokumisa ukuhlolwa ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho kutholakala ukwehla okukhulu kwamandla, zingavikela umshini ekulimaleni ngemva kokuba isampula yehlulekile. Kubalulekile ukuthi abasebenzi bathole ukuqeqeshwa okuphelele kwezokuphepha futhi balandele ngokuqinile imihlahlandlela yokuphepha enikezwe umkhiqizi.

Ukukhetha phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili kuncike ezidingweni zakho ezithile zokuhlola, okuhlanganisa izidingo zomthwalo, ububanzi bemvamisa, kanye nezinto ezihlolwayo. Imishini ye-Servo-hydraulic ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinomthwalo ophezulu, amasampula amakhulu, nokuhlola kwe-multi-axis, inikeza amandla amakhulu nokuguquguquka. Imishini ye-Electrodynamic, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isebenza ngemvamisa ephakeme ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi nomsindo omncane, okwenza ifanelekele ukuhlola ukukhathala kwemijikelezo ephezulu yamasampula amancane. Kumele futhi ucabangele izidingo zengqalasizinda, izidingo zokunakekela, kanye nezindleko zobunikazi obuphelele, njengoba izinhlelo ze-hydraulic zidinga imishini eyengeziwe yokusekela. Ukubonisana nomhlinzeki wemishini onolwazi kungakusiza ukuthi ukale lezi zici futhi ukhethe isixazululo esifanele kakhulu selabhorethri yakho.